Archive of Journal
Volume 74, Issue 11, Nov. 2018

THE EFFECTS OF THE GEOBOARD ON LEARNER UNDERSTANDING OF GEOMETRY THEOREMS

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.8

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Abstract: This study investigated the effects of the Geoboard on learners� understanding of geometric theorems. The study employed a qualitative research design. The study was conducted in two secondary schools. Twenty five participants were selected randomly from each of two conveniently selected secondary schools. Four focus groups were eventually established, two from each school. All 50 participants were taught geometric theorems using the Geoboard for two weeks. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results revealed that Geoboards improved learners� understanding of geometric theorems, especially understanding the geometric terminology and reasoning.

Author(s): Mandlenkosi Richard Sibiya, Vimolan Mudaly


THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF DERIVATOLOGY (WORD CREATION) IN THE DIALECTS AND ACCENTS OF NAKHCHIVAN

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.22

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Abstract: The word creation problem exist in the dialects and accents of Nakhchivan and the Eastern Anatolia is first time comparative investigated in this article. Word creation and semantics problem in Nakhchivan group of dialects and accents of Azerbaijan language also will be systematically investigated first time. The purpose of this article is to investigate the materials of Nakhchivan and the Eastern Anatolia dialects and accents in historical-ethimological plan. The article is useful for develop the guality of the educational of language history, historical lexicology and dialectology subjects and also usefull for students of philological faculties. The same time the article can be useful in preparing multi volumes dialectological vocabularies and investigations on accent lexical and will give them a new direction and materials. Keywords: Nakhchivan derivatologiya, semantik, fonetik, morfoloji, sintaktik, dialects, accents

Author(s): Zulfiyye ISMAYIL

SPACE AND TIME (Underlying Philosophical Distinctions)

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.5

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Abstract: We are acquainted with references to space and time, as if we are dealing phenomena of the same kind. Yet we shall argue that juxta-posing space and time amounts to nothing van comparing apples and oranges. In general time is often associated with the flow or duration. Yet as soon as we consider something like time-measurement it appears that time takes on different shapes. Stafleu points out that time measurement initially simply boiled down to counting (days, months, years, etc.). Then time was measured by the relative spatial position of the sun or the stars in the sky (with or without the help of instruments like the sundial). Subsequently time was measured by utilizing the regular motion of more or less complicated clockworks. More recently time is measured on the basis of irreversible processes, for example, in atomic clocks. But time is not merely one aspect of reality - it is an ontic dimension of the universe in its own right which comes to expression within every modal aspect of reality in accordance with the unique meaning of such an aspect. Space belongs to the dimension of modal aspects, alongside others such as the numerical aspect, the kinematic aspect, the physical aspect, the biotic aspect, and so on. As a modal-functional aspect of reality space co-conditions the existence of all kinds (classes) of entities. Its modal universality implies that all classes of entities function within the spatial aspect. The relative position of the aspect of space among other modal aspects will be analysed in this article. It will be argued that time is neither merely physical in nature nor solely to be identified with any other specific modal aspect. All modal aspects and entities are embedded in the ontic dimension of time - and the aspect of space is just one of the multiple modal functions of the universe. Therefore, it is not correct simply to position space and time next to each other for then apples and oranges are compared. More specific issues and questions addressed in our analysis are: the infinitely large and small; does nature make jumps?; wat is entailed in the switch from Kant to non-Euclidean geometry; how do we have to account for different kinds of space - such as physical space, biotic space, sensory space, or logical space?; are analogical terms inevitable; do we live in a space-time continuum?; why is perceptual space non-Euclidean?

Author(s): Danie Strauss

PR AND THE MASS MEDIA: INTERRELATIONS AND INFORMATION GOVERNANCE POLICY

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.19

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Abstract: PR industry involves journalists who know the requirements of various media channels, and who have personal and professional contacts, and interrelationship with them should be effective and productive to the maximum extent. At the modern stage the world sometimes depends on the rules set by and analyses conducted by the media. This, for its part, makes the study of interrelationship between PR and mass media topical. The essence of PR includes compromise and a pragmatic approach in order to solve concrete problems faced by public relations specialists. In this context, PR can be described as a tool for manipulation. Manipulation of public consciousness acts as a technology here, so professionals, who can manipulate using this technology, emerge. PR is aimed at building bilateral relationship for ensuring common opinion based on objectivity, knowledge and full provision of information, or common interests and mutual understanding. The essence of PR activity can be defined as adaptation of a company`s policy to interests of the society in line with pragmatic interests of the company itself. For PR success is the existence of true and comprehensive information. Separation of time and priorities at the preliminary planning stage is very important for making a right choice. The activity of PR in the field of public relations involves the process of managing communication between the organization and target audience. In a broader sense, target audience means general public. In this context, the structure of general public features population, self-governing structure, mass media, administrative management employees, public unions, senior government bodies, main audience, as well as production and other sectors.

Author(s): Rahimzade Vugar Ganjali

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL STYLE IN THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA AND CHINA

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.12

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Abstract: Each nation has its own customs, traditions, culture and manner of communication, its own peculiarities of the state and political system. This, of course, has a certain impact on the conduct of negotiations. The debate about whether there is such a thing as a national negotiating style has been going on for a long time. An authoritative domestic researcher of the negotiation process and political settlement, M. M. Lebedeva argues that "direct participants in the negotiations always emphasize the fact of differences in the nature of negotiations between representatives of different countries and peoples". However, the phenomenon of "national style" is still very unclear to international researchers in the field of negotiations, and it seems impossible to give any clear definition. Difficulties in the scientific definition of this term are connected to a large extent with the fact that it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear boundary between the national characteristics of the behavior of the participants in the negotiations, the state style, ethnic and personal characteristics, the specifics of the political culture of representatives of different States, etc.

Author(s): Tatyana Gennadievna Furman

FEAR AS A CULTURAL PHENOMENON

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.2

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Abstract: The problem of fear and its impact on the life of each individual in particular and the society as a whole was raised and solved before, but the XX century was an era marked by extreme overexcitation and anxiety-socio-cultural conditions of occurrence, range, scale, variations of fears have become different. This study is dictated by the need to understand a qualitatively new stage in the evolution of the understanding of fear. Now this understanding is largely built through the prism of the current state of culture - postmodern, which is expressed not least in vulnerability and instability. The attractiveness and horror of the situation are intertwined in the phrase: \"The only stable state is the state of instability\".

Author(s): Tatyana Gennadievna Furman

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF PALLIATIVE UNITS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PALLIATIVE UNITS AND INTENSIVE CARE

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.4

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Abstract: Background: The relationship between palliative units and intensive care is an under-examined issue. \r\nObjectives: This study was aimed to investigate general characteristics of patients in palliative care unit(PCU) and patient transfers between these units and intensive care units(ICU).\r\nMethod: Patients who were followed up at the PCU were reviewed retrospectively. The study group patients were divided into three groups as a discharge, ICU transfer and exitus. The characteristics of patients receiving both palliative care after intensive care and intensive care after palliative care treatment were evaluated.\r\nResults: A total of 337 patients were followed in the PCU during the study period. 138 of these patients were admitted from the ICU. The mortality rate of the PCU was 16.3%(55 patients). The mortality were higher in patients with malignancy-related complications (p<0,001) and the discharge rate were higher in patients with orthopedic reasons(p=0.016). Exitus group had longer palliative hospitalizations(p=0.008), while ICU transfers group had longer hospitalizations(p<0.001). The mean Karnofsky Performance Score was significant higher in the discharge group (p < 0.001). Palliative care patients were transferred to ICU at a rate of 10.1%(n:34). The patients were mostly transferred into ICU for respiratory failure (91,2%), unconsciousness (82,4%), hemodynamic problems (70,6%) and infections (52,9%). The mortality rate was 97%(n:33) in the ICU transfer group. Only one patient (3%) was returned to palliative unit after ICU.\r\nConclusion: The patients with high mortality that would not benefit from intensive care treatment would be more suitable to follow up in the PCU in the end of their life.

Author(s): Iskender Kara, Iskender Kara, Bekir Tezcan, Hasan Nabi Undar, Halit Karaca, Faruk Cicekci


Evaluation of Serum and Saliva Levels of Resistin and IL-6 in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.13

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Abstract: Backround: This research was intended to identify the levels of resistin and IL-6 in periodontally healthy individuals and generalized aggressive periodontitis patients, in addition to determining the efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on these levels. Materials and methods: Participants in the research were categorized into two groups. 16 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and 16 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (Control) were included in this study. The test group received non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) comprising scaling and root planning with oral hygiene instructions, where the control group received no NSPT and OHE. Serum and saliva samples were collected at the baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. The samples were tested with ELISA. The results were analyzed by SPSS 15. Results: All clinical values were significantly higher in GAgP compared to the control group and decreased significantly after treatment (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in resistin and IL-6 levels in both saliva and serum between the groups and was higher in GAgP group (p<0.05). Non-surgical periodontal therapy significantly reduced serum resistin and salivary IL-6 levels. Conclusion: When the findings of this research are analyzed, the present study highlights that resistin and IL-6 might play a substantial role during periodontal inflammation and it may be suggested that an increased resistin levels in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis has the potential to be a biomarker for periodontal tissue breakdown.

Author(s): Emrah BILEN, Dzemal Mustafov TALAMANOV*, Adnan TEZEL* DDS, PhD, Zeynep Ceren KARAHAN** DDS, PhD


FISH OIL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CHILDREN WITH GROWTH DELAY

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.9

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Abstract: Aim: Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between antioxidant enzymes and various oxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the effect of omega-3 on oxidants and antioxidants may support development in children with borderline growth delay. Population and Methods: 26 children with borderline growth delay were the patient group (between 2 and 9.5 years of age) and 30 healthy children with normal development were the control group. Patient group were given fish oil treatment for 4-weeks. All oxidant/antioxidant parameters were analyzed before and after treatment. Results: Prior to fish oil treatment, the levels of catalase antioxidants in the patient group were higher than those in the control group (p=0.013) while glutathione peroxidase levels were lower (p=0.0001). There were no differences in levels of xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide oxidants; malondialdehyde and nitric oxide synthase levels were higher (p=0.002; p=0.0001) compared to the control group prior to treatment. A decrease in catalase and an increase in glutathione peroxidase levels were detected in the patient group subsequent to the fish oil treatment. Xanthine oxidase levels increased (p=0.031) while malondialdehyde levels fell with treatment compared to the control group. Patient group’s glutathione peroxidase levels also increased following treatment (p=0.0001) while a significant decrease was observed in oxidant of nitric oxide synthase levels (p=0.002). Conclusions: The use of fish oil supplementation was observed to contribute effectively to a reduction in oxidant stress while, at the same time, recovering antioxidant balance.

Author(s): Zahide Yalaki, Bilal Aytac, Bulent Alioglu, M. Aysin Tasar, Esra Durak, Tugba Zengin, Inci Arikan, Ilker Durak


NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FILTRATION PROCESSES OF STRONGLY POLLUTED OIL IN A POROUS MEDIUM

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.10

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Abstract: The work is devoted to solving the actual problem of forecasting the development of the oil and gas industry. The article discusses the non-stationary filtration process of highly contaminated oil in a heterogeneous porous medium in a two-dimensional formulation. A detailed analysis of scientific papers related to the problem of mathematical modeling of the filtering process of heavily contaminated oils in porous media is given. The arbitrariness of the field configuration and the variation of the reservoir parameters over the reservoir area, the unevenness of the location of oil wells in the oil-bearing area and their variability of flow rates, which are not limiting factors for the use of numerical modeling in the calculations of oil field development, are given. A mathematical model has been developed that takes into account such factors as the rate of sedimentation of fine particles, the change in the coefficients of porosity and filtering over time. The mathematical model is reduced to the joint solution of a system of differential equations of a parabolic type, describing filtration processes in seams separated by a low-permeable jumper under appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Computational experiments are given at different parameters of the reservoir and the costs of two production wells. Given the results of the developed software, which presents the results of the calculation of the main indicators of development of fields in tabular and graphical form. All results of computational experiments are presented in visual form.

Author(s): Ravshanov Normakhmad, Elmira Nazirova


EFFECT OF COLCHICINE AND ATORVASTATIN ON CELL DEATH MECHANISMS DURING INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN ATHEROSCHLEROSIS

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.1

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Abstract: Aims: We evaluated the effects of different doses of colchicine, atorvastatin, and their combinations on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagic activities in an atherosclerotic model with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in endothelial-macrophage co-culture cells. Methods: HUVEC and macrophage cells were used in study. HUVEC–macrophage co-culture was treated with 10 ng/ml lipopolysaccharides for 24 h to establish the inflammatory effect observed in the atherosclerotic process. LPS-treated cells were incubated with the concentrations of atorvastatin, colchicine and atorvastatin–colchicine combination. Apoptosis, autophagy, total antioxidant status, and total oxidant status was examined from cell lysates Results: When TAS and TOS values of the control, LPS, and drug groups measured at 24 and 48 h, a significant difference was observed between the control, LPS, and drug groups (P values 0.014 and 0.013, respectively) . A significant difference was found when autophagy and apoptosis levels in the control, LPS, and drug groups measured at 24 and 48 h were evaluated between the groups (P = 0.015 and P= 0.013) Conclusions: Apoptotic activity was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner with both drugs, while autophagic activity was the lowest when atorvastatin was administered alone; colchicine treatment was found to decrease autophagic activity with increase in dose.

Author(s): Gunnur Demircan, Sule Beyhan Ozdas, Demet Akin, Ozgur Kaplan, Sabri Demircan, Cavlan Ciftci


GLOBAL INDEXES OF THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.21

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Abstract: The most important of the exogenous driving forces in the development of the service sector is scientific and technological progress. The emergence of the sphere of services and the development of economic relations of the exchange of social labor were preceded by technological changes. The article presents estimates of the indices of the global social development of Russia in comparison with the global space.

Author(s): Gnevasheva Vera Anatolyevna

A REWIEW OF TEN OPEN ABDOMEN CASES IN CHILDREN

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.3

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Abstract: As the war that took place in Syria caused many tragedies, it also brought children with open abdominal wounds which are not very common in pediatric surgery practice. In this study, we present the results of ten children treated with BB and NPWT for open-abdomen. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of ten children who were treated with BB and NPWT in our clinic between February 2016 and June 2018. Ten of the patients had sustained firearm injuries during the war in Syria. There were four girls and six boys. The average age was 8.1 years (2-14 years). Five patients received BB in emergency conditions followed by NPWT. Five patients received NPWT only. Abdomen could be closed in all 10 patients who treated with combined BB and/or NWPT. Enteroatmospheric fistula developed in one patient and ventral hernia developed in one patient. No mortality occurred in our patients. BB and NPWT technique can be applied fast and easily and has a high success rate in children with an open abdomen.

Author(s): Ahmet Atıcı, Mehmet Emin Çelikkaya, Çiğdem El, Bülent Akçora


SOME PROPERTIES OF CONCURRENT CEVIANS IN TRIANGLES

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.20

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Abstract: A Cevian is a straight line that connects a vertex of triangle ABC with a point on the opposite side. An interior point O of a triangle admits three concurrent Cevians AOD , BOE and COF . We find formulae for the “Cevian ratios” AO : OD , BO : OE and CO : OF in terms of the induced ratios on the sides taken in a fixed direction (which we call “side ratios”), and use these formulae to deduce Ceva’s Theorem. The product of the three Cev ian ratios is exactly 2 more than their sum, which has a minimum value of 6. The minimum is obta ined only at the centroid G of the triangle. We show that an interior point I is the incentre if and only if the Cevian AID bisects angle A and   AI b c ID a . For non-concurrent Cevians, we compute the ratio of the area of triangle bounded by the Cevians to the area of the triangle in terms of the side ratios.

Author(s): Poobhalan Pillay

EVALUATION OF THE OIL EXTRACT FROM MENTHA SPICATA AND ITS CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.7

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Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed to model and optimize the extraction of oil from Mentha spicata a local leaf used for several microbial and insect activities. The detailed effects of the solvents, weight of leaf (X1) and time of extraction (X2) have been studied. The interaction effects of these two (2) variables on the oil yield (X3) have been investigated using Central Composite Design factional factorial design of experiments. The results were analyzed using MINITAB 17 software. Soxhlet extraction method was used with three (3) different solvents hexane, ethanol and petroleum ether. Petroleum ether gave the highest yield of oil using Response Surface Methodology. The oil extract of the leaf was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry [GC-MS], about 15 components were discovered with Carvone as the most abundant [27.68%.]. The antimicrobial activities of the oil extract against some fungi and bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated. From the microbial analysis the zone of inhibitions indicated that the extract had strong activity against bacteria and fungi. Mentha spicata oil is rich in compounds with therapeutic activities and several substances of industrial interest. Carvone, Neophytadiene, methyl ester, palmitic acid and Linolenic were also discovered by the GC/MS analysis, presenting good microbial activity performance. The aim of this work was to optimize the extraction of oil from Mentha spicata by Soxhlet extraction method with different solvents and establish the antimicrobial claim of the oil extract.

Author(s): Modupe Elizabeth Ojewumi, Samuel Oluwafunsho Adedokun, Ayodeji Ayodele Ayoola, Olugbenga Samson Taiwo


A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR A DECOLONIZED AND AFRICANIZED CURRICULUM

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.14

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Abstract: This paper argues that one way of thinking and acting on the idea of africanisation and decolonization of higher education and its curriculum in South Africa is to apply principles related to African culture and cosmology. Such concepts include communalism, ecology, relationality, spirituality, cooperation, reciprocity and association. I argue that these concepts are key principles constituting a framework to guide development of an Africanized curriculum. I take this effort further by selecting a few of these principles and propose them as a framework for policy development and implementation of an Africanized curriculum. The paper contend that to engage in the effort of africanization is one strategy of decolonization. And that having suggested some principles or values related to the concept of africanization, it is now possible to suggest their possible application in curriculum policy development and implementation. The paper explores the idea of what it would mean to construct a curriculum on the basis of framework principles such as social justice, communalism, reciprocity, cooperation, association, ecology and spirituality.

Author(s): Enos Makhele

THE EFFECT OF METHOTREXATE ON THE STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF HUMAN SERUM

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.6

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Abstract: Methotrexate, MTX, induced structural changes of human serum albumin, HSA, in phosphate \r\nbuffer 10mM at pH 7.4 was investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry, ITC, and \r\nfluorescence emission spectroscopic methods. The results indicate that MTX induces irreversible \r\ndenaturation of the HSA structure. The fluorescence intensity of HSA decreased regularly and a \r\nslight blue shift was observed for the emission wavelength with increasing MTX concentration, \r\nindicating that MTX complex could quench the fluorescence of HSA and changes the \r\nmicroenvironment of tryptophan residue. The decreasing of emission intensity of HSA indicates \r\nloss of the tertiary structure of HSA. The results obtained from ITC data are in agreement with \r\nthe spectroscopic method. The strong negative cooperativity of MTX binding with HSA \r\nrecovered from the extended solvation model, indicates that HSA denatured due to its interaction \r\nwith MTX.

Author(s): Monir Shalbafan, G. Rezaei Behbehani, Adeleh Divsalar


THE EFFECT ON CONVERGENCE DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND MODEL PARAMETERS OF THINNING RATE

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.11

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Abstract: The basic subjects for the most users of Bayesian approach can determine prior distributions, the number of samples, start point of sample, number of burn-in and thinning rates by running Markov chain. Prior distributions represent expert opinion before data collection and the sample size is prespecified due to limitation of resources. The other subjects are associated with the speed of convergence of the Markov chains and they are not really problems due to the advancement in computing power. In this paper, after establishing appropriate model and determining the appropriate prior distributions, we have researched whether different thinning rates are an effect on convergence diagnostic tests by keeping the number of samples and the number of burn in a constant. Consequently, the thinning rate has been found to have no effect on the output of the convergence diagnostics and on the parameters. It is important for autocorrelation and memory.\\\\r\\\\nKeywords: Bayesian Generalized Linear Mixed Model, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), Thinning rate, Convergence diagnostic tests.\\\\r\\\\n

Author(s): Zeynep Ozturk

GENDER EDUCATION AND GENDER PARTICIPATION IN ECONOMIC AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EAST AFRICA

Volume 74, Nov 2018
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.11.23

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Abstract: Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate gender inequality and inequity in society as reflected in their participation in economic and national development, gender education, decision making at various levels; and in the world of work. Materials and Methods: The sample participating in this study was based on the three East African countries, namely Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. From these countries, the focus was the Departments of Education and students registered in the educational systems, commencing with Early Childhood, Primary, Secondary Tertiary and University Education. Interviews based on a questionnaire was conducted with senior officials in the Departments of Education for each one of the three participating countries. Other statistical infomation regarding Gender Participation in economic and national developement was retrieved from literature review. Results: The results clearly showed that, gender inequality exists in East Africa, as women do not experience equal opportunities and access to resources. There are both traditional and modern practices that are barriers to the potential women have for personal, economic and national development. Conclusion: It was, nevertheless, inspiring that despite this, women in East Africa have been able to make tremendous contribution to the economy of East Africa, particularly in the agricultural sector. It was further impressive that East Africa is doing its best to ensure that, women are involved in decision-making processes at the highest level. It was further observed that, Gender Education is a powerful instrument in the control of gender inequality and inequity at household, community and societal levels. All these aspects are a serious social, economic and national challenge in East Africa.

Author(s): Tuntufye S Mwamwenda