THE USE OF TEACHER-DEVELOPED EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS IN EFL GRAMMAR TEACHING AND LEARNING: A COGNITIVE LOAD THEORY

Volume 81, Aug 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.8.1
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Abstract: Despite an ever-increasing use of video in EFL teaching today, and a considerable amount of research existing on its role in English teaching, many dimensions of it remain under-explored. These include its use at different educational levels, its compatibility with different theories of learning, its use targeting different aspects of English, and its impact on proficiency as well as motivation. The present study adds to knowledge by focusing specifically on use at tertiary level, in combination with Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), targeting grammar teaching, and measuring both proficiency change and attitudes/perceptions. This study employs a quasi-experimental research design to investigate the effect that teacher-developed CLT informed educational videos have on EFL BA students’ grammar learning, also exploring those students’ attitudes and perceptions concerning those videos. EFL students (n=43) participated in this study in two groups learning the same grammar points: an experimental group who undertook the treatment of watching the videos along with attending regular classes (n=22), and a control group (n=21) who just learned through regular classes. A pre-test and a post-test were used to measure the effect those videos had on EFL students’ grammar learning. At the end of the treatment, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire measuring perceived benefits in terms of categories recognized in the Cognitive Load Theory (CTL), as well as of motivation, was also circulated among the students of the experimental group. Post-test scores revealed that both groups made significant progress and were able to increase their grammar knowledge. However, the experimental group outperformed the control group by a small margin. Results of the questionnaire showed that students recognized videos as assisting with all CTL aspects of learning, plus motivation, with the greatest impact on reducing extraneous load and enhancing germane load.

Author(s): Mashael Salem Alsalem, Abeer Abdulhadi Hussain


ANALYSIS OF THE INFLATIONARY IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA THROUGH THE LENS OF DYNAMIC ARDL AND KRLS METHODS

Volume 81, Aug 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.8.2
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Abstract: With inflation rate at the wrong side of 20%, the need to tackle the high rate of inflation in Nigeria prompted the researchers to investigate the inflationary effect of government expenditure in the country using time series data for the period 1981-2022. To ensure a more robust investigation, we disaggregated government expenditure into the recurrent and capital components. Preliminary unit root tests using Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips Perron, and Zivot-Andrews methods indicated that the variables of the study have mixed orders of integration, namely, zero and one. First, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) Bounds test result indicated that the variables have a long-run relationship. Secondly, we employed the Kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) method which transcends functional form argument to estimate the relationship. Results from the ARDL method revealed that a percentage increase in government recurrent expenditure results in a 3.89% increase in inflation rate in the long run and the result from the KRLS method indicated an increase of 4.63% in inflation. However, a percentage increase in government capital expenditure results in a 1.6% decline in inflation rate in Nigeria in the long run from the ARDL result, and a 5.6% decrease in the KRLS result. The study concludes that inflation is a fiscal phenomenon in Nigeria but it can be tamed by deliberately increasing capital spending over recurrent expenditure. The federal government of Nigeria should cut down on its recurrent spending, for instance, by reducing the cost of governance which is gulping the yearly national budget. Also, the Nigerian government should raise its capital spending above the level of recurrent expenditure to force the inflation rate down.

Author(s): Orji, Ogbonnaya Ikechi, Eburu N. Inya, Bernard E. Nnabu, Ikechukwu J. Nwachukwu, Hilary T. Kanwanye, Ebere F. Okorie, Michael O. Agbafor, Matthew C. Chukwuajah, Kenneth I. Chima, James N. Ndieze, Chika R. Umahi


THE IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI (CHATGPT) ON CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING OUTCOMES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY

Volume 81, Jul 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.7.4
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Abstract: Background: The study explored the impact of ChatGPT as an Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool on achieving constructivist learning outcomes. Methods: Using the Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method derived from a comprehensive survey of university students, the research investigated how ChatGPT influences active knowledge construction, cognitive engagement, and collaborative task outcomes. The results indicate that ChatGPT has a significant impact on these dimensions, linking new information with existing knowledge, promoting collective problem-solving, enhancing peer interaction, and fostering critical thinking. The findings highlight ChatGPT's ability to simplify complex concepts, provide instant feedback, and facilitate collaborative learning, thereby creating a more interactive and engaging educational environment. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of generative AI in education and offer valuable management strategies for strengthening the learning environment in the context of the innovation age. Conclusions: The study underscores the potential of ChatGPT to support constructivist learning principles while also addressing challenges such as over-reliance on AI and ethical considerations. By providing empirical evidence on the benefits and limitations of ChatGPT, this research paves the way for the responsible integration of AI tools in higher education, aligning with broader strategic goals such as Saudi Vision 2030.

Author(s): Noura Alhazzani

AN AESTHETIC PRACTICE OF ‘TIAN REN TONG YUAN’ PHILOSOPHY: DRAMATIZATION AND COSMIC UNITY IN LI PO’S “CH’ANG-KAN VILLAGE SONG”

Volume 81, Jul 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.7.3
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Abstract: The classical Chinese poem “Ch’ang-kan Village Song” (《长干行》) by LI Po (李白, 701–762) employs dramatization to bridge social ethics and cosmic philosophy in presenting the speaker’s emotions and projecting the poetic voice. While some of its techniques bear resemblance to the English dramatic monologue, its essence is rooted in the Chinese philosophical tenet of ‘tian ren tong yuan’(天人同源) — ‘man and nature share the same origin.’ This philosophy is not only the fundamental reason but also the natural outcome for the dramatization in this poem, with an aim to restore order in human society in harmony with the natural order. As such, “Ch’ang-kan Village Song” exemplifies aesthetic practice of philosophy in classical Chinese poetry.

Author(s): LIU Li

EXAMINATION OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CAPACITY OF INTENSIVE INTERVAL TRAINING PROGRAM APPLIED TO 10-12 AGE TENNIS ATHLETES

Volume 81, Jun 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.6.1
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Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of intensive interval training program applied to tennis players aged 10-12 on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. The study group consists of 20 male and female participants (experimental: 10, control: 10) between the ages of 10-12 who have been active in tennis for at least 2 years and who participate in tennis training at Afyonkarahisar Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate. An intensive interval training program was applied to the participants in the experimental group for an eight-week period. The participants in the experimental group received an intensive interval training program 3 days a week and a tennis training program 3 days a week during the 8-week training period, while the control group received the tennis training program applied to the experimental group for 6 days a week. Standing long jump, grip strength, 30-sec shuttle run with supported feet, 20m sprint, V Cut test and 20m shuttle run test measurements were taken from all participants before and after the 8-week program. In evaluating the pre- and post-training measurement results, repeated measures anova main effect test was applied for mixed measurements and a value of 0.05 was considered significant.

Author(s): Orhan KUCUK, Ismaıl KAYA


SOLDIERS OF CAUCASIAN ORIGIN IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR: PROPAGANDA MECHANISMS AND IDEOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION

Volume 81, May 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.5.1
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Abstract: This article examines the positioning of soldiers of Caucasian origin within the context of their military roles and the propaganda strategies employed during the Second World War. The impact of the ideological and strategic conflict between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on soldiers from the Caucasus is assessed through the propaganda tools and narratives of the time. The study explores how Germany’s promises of "independence" and anti-Soviet rhetoric targeting the peoples of the Caucasus were formulated and how these discourses were reflected in the recruitment processes. Additionally, it investigates the policies and counter-propaganda efforts implemented by the Soviet Union to retain local populations within the ranks of the Red Army. Drawing upon archival documents, propaganda materials, and testimonies, this research reveals how soldiers of Caucasian origin navigated their roles and identities throughout the war. In conclusion, soldiers of Caucasian origin in the Second World War were not merely instruments of war but also both subjects and objects within the ideological struggle between two opposing powers. The ideological confrontation between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union significantly shaped the role of these soldiers in the war. This study analyzes how ethnic and political identities were manipulated and transformed by propaganda during the conflict and how the ideological competition between the two major powers over these ethnic groups determined the outcome. By enhancing our understanding of the effects of propaganda wars on ethnic identities and social belonging, this research aims to provide valuable insights for future studies on war and ideology.

Author(s): Leyla DERVİŞ

RESEARCH ON THE ATTİTUDES OF WOMEN WHO REGULARLY EXERCİSE İN GYMS TOWARDS HEALTHY NUTRİTİON (BİLECİK CİTY CENTER EXAMPLE)

Volume 81, Jun 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.6.2
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Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of women who regularly exercise in gyms in Bilecik city center towards healthy nutrition. 200 women participated in the study voluntarily. The ‘Attitude Scale Towards Healthy Nutrition’ developed by Tekkurşun Demir and Cicioğlu (2019) was used as the data collection tool. No statistically significant differences were found in the sub-dimensions of knowledge about nutrition, feelings towards nutrition and positive nutrition according to the working status of the women participating in the study, knowledge about nutrition, feelings towards nutrition, and positive nutrition according to the settlement where they have lived for a long time, monthly personal income, years of exercise, leisure activities and smoking status (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in the sub-dimensions of positive nutrition habits and bad nutrition habits from the healthy nutrition habits according to the educational status, bad nutrition habits according to the working status, and bad nutrition habits from the healthy nutrition habits according to the smoking status (p>0.05). In the evaluation of the data, it was observed that the data were normally distributed by looking at the Skewness and Kurtosis values, whether the prerequisites of the parametric tests were met or not, since they were in the range of -1.0±1.0. Since the data showed a normal distribution, Independent Sample T-Test, One-Way Anova analysis tests were applied to the data as statistical analysis.

Author(s): Kübra KAYA, Erdal Demir


CHARACTERISTICS AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE TRANSLATION AND INTRODUCTION OF ZHOUYI IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICA

Volume 81, Mar 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.3.1
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Abstract: Zhouyi is the origin of Chinese culture and also an important part of world culture. At present, Zhouyi has been widely translated and introduced in the Western academic circle led by America, thus appearing many unique translations, including Edward L. Shaughnessy's translation with unearthed cultural relics, Richard Alan Kunst's translation with emphasis on original scriptures, Richard John Lynn's translation with Wang Bi’s annotated manuscript, Richard J. Smith's translation combining multiple disciplines, and Margaret J. Pearson's translation combined with the trend of the time. These translations have both advantages and disadvantages that can give enlightenment to the Chinese academic circle, which is the origin of Zhouyi studies. On the one hand, American translators have profound knowledge of sinology, an open attitude toward translation, and advanced research methods; on the other hand, their translations have problems, such as obscuring the original meaning, becoming subservient to the market, and their writings not being standardized. Given this, the translation and introduction of Zhouyi in China should pay more attention to the original documents and their meaning, strengthen the mutual interpretation of Chinese and Western civilization, learn from classics and integrate into overseas academic circles, break the boundaries of disciplines and realize diversified development, and go deep into public life and bring about economic benefits if possible.

Author(s): Kaige Fang

INTERACTION OF STATES IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND NEW CHALLENGES FOR CYBERSECURITY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Volume 81, Apr 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.4.3
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Abstract: Digital transformation is becoming one of the key driving forces shaping modern international relations and interstate cooperation. The rapid introduction of digital technologies leads to large-scale changes in the economy, social sphere, politics, and security, which determines a new vector of interaction between states based on information and communication technologies and digital platforms. However, along with the opportunities that are opening up to countries, new challenges arise, among which cybersecurity occupies one of the central places. In modern conditions of globalization and digitalization, the task of adapting international relations to new realities and creating effective mechanisms for countering digital threats is becoming urgent. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of digital transformation on international relations and interstate cooperation, as well as to identify and assess new challenges for cybersecurity. Methods. The research uses a complex approach, including system analysis, comparative analysis, and statistical methods. The system analysis made it possible to consider the structural changes in international relations under the influence of digital technologies, and the comparative analysis will reveal peculiarities and differences in the approaches of states to digitalization. Statistical methods were used to assess the scope of implementation of digital solutions and their impact on security, which in total provided a comprehensive study of the processes under consideration. Results. Digital transformation significantly accelerates the exchange of information and promotes the integration of economic and political processes. The expansion of digital technologies is accompanied by the growth of cyberthreats, which requires the development of new measures to ensure security in the digital space. The analysis showed that successful interstate cooperation in the field of cybersecurity is possible only if there are uniform international standards and agreed legal mechanisms capable. Conclusions. For the sustainable development of the global security system, active international interaction, exchange of experience, and the development of unified legal norms capable of effectively countering digital threats are necessary. A comprehensive approach to solving these problems will ensure stability and security in the conditions of rapid development of digital technologies.

Author(s): Leyla DERVİŞ

IN PATIENTS RECEIVING COVID19 TREATMENT; IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DYSPNEA SEVERITY AND DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS?

Volume 81, Apr 2025
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2025.4.2
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Abstract: From December 2019 to the present, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly and turned into a pandemic. The virus first begins to spread between people during close contact, usually through tiny droplets produced by behavior such as sneezing, talking or coughing. COVID-19 disease can affect many organs and cause psychiatric disorders in patients. It is thought that anxiety and depression may continue in patients diagnosed and treated with COVID-19. The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the long term (3-6 months), taking into account factors such as individuals' education level, occupation, alcohol use, smoking, loss of work force due to covid. At the same time, we planned to examine the interaction between dyspnea severity and anxiety and depression using the Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with continued exertional dyspnea in the post-covid period. The study was completed with 537 patients. 307 (57%) of the patients were male, 230 (42%) were female. No significant difference was determined in terms of mean age. No patient was excluded from the study for any reason. And accordingly, it would be appropriate to keep risky groups under observation, to provide necessary psychological support in the early period, and to follow them closely.

Author(s): Mahmut Çelebi, Recai Ergun, Dilek Ergun, Burcu Yormaz, Hacer Surer Celebi