Abstract: This article examines the positioning of soldiers of Caucasian origin within the context of their military roles and the propaganda strategies employed during the Second World War. The impact of the ideological and strategic conflict between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on soldiers from the Caucasus is assessed through the propaganda tools and narratives of the time. The study explores how Germany’s promises of "independence" and anti-Soviet rhetoric targeting the peoples of the Caucasus were formulated and how these discourses were reflected in the recruitment processes. Additionally, it investigates the policies and counter-propaganda efforts implemented by the Soviet Union to retain local populations within the ranks of the Red Army. Drawing upon archival documents, propaganda materials, and testimonies, this research reveals how soldiers of Caucasian origin navigated their roles and identities throughout the war. In conclusion, soldiers of Caucasian origin in the Second World War were not merely instruments of war but also both subjects and objects within the ideological struggle between two opposing powers. The ideological confrontation between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union significantly shaped the role of these soldiers in the war. This study analyzes how ethnic and political identities were manipulated and transformed by propaganda during the conflict and how the ideological competition between the two major powers over these ethnic groups determined the outcome. By enhancing our understanding of the effects of propaganda wars on ethnic identities and social belonging, this research aims to provide valuable insights for future studies on war and ideology.

Abstract: Zhouyi is the origin of Chinese culture and also an important part of world culture. At present, Zhouyi has been widely translated and introduced in the Western academic circle led by America, thus appearing many unique translations, including Edward L. Shaughnessy's translation with unearthed cultural relics, Richard Alan Kunst's translation with emphasis on original scriptures, Richard John Lynn's translation with Wang Bi’s annotated manuscript, Richard J. Smith's translation combining multiple disciplines, and Margaret J. Pearson's translation combined with the trend of the time. These translations have both advantages and disadvantages that can give enlightenment to the Chinese academic circle, which is the origin of Zhouyi studies. On the one hand, American translators have profound knowledge of sinology, an open attitude toward translation, and advanced research methods; on the other hand, their translations have problems, such as obscuring the original meaning, becoming subservient to the market, and their writings not being standardized. Given this, the translation and introduction of Zhouyi in China should pay more attention to the original documents and their meaning, strengthen the mutual interpretation of Chinese and Western civilization, learn from classics and integrate into overseas academic circles, break the boundaries of disciplines and realize diversified development, and go deep into public life and bring about economic benefits if possible.

Abstract: Digital transformation is becoming one of the key driving forces shaping modern international relations and interstate cooperation. The rapid introduction of digital technologies leads to large-scale changes in the economy, social sphere, politics, and security, which determines a new vector of interaction between states based on information and communication technologies and digital platforms. However, along with the opportunities that are opening up to countries, new challenges arise, among which cybersecurity occupies one of the central places. In modern conditions of globalization and digitalization, the task of adapting international relations to new realities and creating effective mechanisms for countering digital threats is becoming urgent. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of digital transformation on international relations and interstate cooperation, as well as to identify and assess new challenges for cybersecurity. Methods. The research uses a complex approach, including system analysis, comparative analysis, and statistical methods. The system analysis made it possible to consider the structural changes in international relations under the influence of digital technologies, and the comparative analysis will reveal peculiarities and differences in the approaches of states to digitalization. Statistical methods were used to assess the scope of implementation of digital solutions and their impact on security, which in total provided a comprehensive study of the processes under consideration. Results. Digital transformation significantly accelerates the exchange of information and promotes the integration of economic and political processes. The expansion of digital technologies is accompanied by the growth of cyberthreats, which requires the development of new measures to ensure security in the digital space. The analysis showed that successful interstate cooperation in the field of cybersecurity is possible only if there are uniform international standards and agreed legal mechanisms capable. Conclusions. For the sustainable development of the global security system, active international interaction, exchange of experience, and the development of unified legal norms capable of effectively countering digital threats are necessary. A comprehensive approach to solving these problems will ensure stability and security in the conditions of rapid development of digital technologies.

Abstract: From December 2019 to the present, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly and turned into a pandemic. The virus first begins to spread between people during close contact, usually through tiny droplets produced by behavior such as sneezing, talking or coughing. COVID-19 disease can affect many organs and cause psychiatric disorders in patients. It is thought that anxiety and depression may continue in patients diagnosed and treated with COVID-19. The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the long term (3-6 months), taking into account factors such as individuals' education level, occupation, alcohol use, smoking, loss of work force due to covid. At the same time, we planned to examine the interaction between dyspnea severity and anxiety and depression using the Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with continued exertional dyspnea in the post-covid period. The study was completed with 537 patients. 307 (57%) of the patients were male, 230 (42%) were female. No significant difference was determined in terms of mean age. No patient was excluded from the study for any reason. And accordingly, it would be appropriate to keep risky groups under observation, to provide necessary psychological support in the early period, and to follow them closely.