Archive of Journal
Volume 76, Issue 9, Sep. 2020

THERMO-ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS EVALUATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND HEXANOL AT T=303.15K, 313.15K, AND 323.15K

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.14

Abstract: Density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity have been calculated to the liquid composition of propylene glycol and hexanol at all possible molar fractions at T=303.15K, 313.15K, 323K.In extension, we have estimated the thermo acoustic parameters such as Acoustic impedance (Z), Isentropic compressibility Ks), Free length (Lf), Relaxation time (T), Free volume (Vf), Enthalpy (H), Raoï¿½s constant (R), Wadaï¿½s constant (W), Internal pressure (?).The experimental data were fitted into Redlitch-Kister polynomial. The variations of these parameters for the binary mixture is explained in terms of inter molecular interactions, which exist in the mixture. Further Ultrasonic velocities of binary mixture was calculated theoretically by using empirical relations such as Nomotoï¿½s relation (UNOM), Impedance relation (UIMP), Raoï¿½s theory (UR), Junjieï¿½s theory (UJM), Van deal ideal mixing relation (UIMR ). In between theoretical and experimental values of ultrasonic velocity a good agreement has been found.

Author(s): K. Srisanthi, Sk. Suriya Shihab, T.Vishwam, S.Sreehari Sastry

EXAMINATION OF PRESCHOOL TEACHERS VIEWS ON THE USE OF OPEN-ENDED UNSTRUCTURED MATERIAL

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.17

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Abstract: This research was conducted in Nicosia in the 2018-2019 academic year to examine the opinions of the preschool teachers on the use of open-ended unstructured material. One of the purposeful sampling methods, the criteria sampling method was used in the study. Voluntary participation in the study was taken as a basis when forming the study group. The study group of this research consisted of 20 preschool teachers working in preschool education institutions. As a result of the study, it was seen that preschool teachers considered the open-ended/unstructured applications positively and used materials such as natural materials, blocks, waste materials within the scope of the applications. When the opinions of the teachers regarding the advantages of the application were analyzed, the codes of creativity, interest/desire and the opportunity to observe and evaluate children emerged. Regarding the disadvantages of the application, seven teachers expressed that the application did not have any disadvantages. However, within the scope of the disadvantages of the program, there were opinions expressing density and difficulties experienced during implementation. When the observations of the teachers regarding the educational environment during open-ended/unstructured material applications were analyzed, the codes of creativity, practicality in the application and insufficient space were obtained. Regarding the observations of the teachers on the educational material, the codes of material diversity and material shortage emerged. While most of the teachers emphasized the variety of the open-ended materials, five teachers expressed the opinion that the materials were not sufficient. As a result of the analysis of the observations regarding the activity content, the codes of being supportive of development, being entertaining and not being suitable for the age group were obtained. When the observations on childrens participation were examined, the codes of active participation and guidance requirement emerged. It is recommended that teachers should receive in-service training for qualified applications.

Author(s): Cagla Gur, Nilufer Korkmazhan

MODELLING AN ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTWEIGHT ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM SUITABLE FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.8

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Abstract: Proportional to the growth in the usage of Human Sensor Networks (HSN), the volume of the data exchange among the Sensor devices is increasing at a rapid pace. Most sensor devices fall under resource constraint devices that handle confidential and sensitive data. Lightweight encoding algorithms are customized for a resource-constrained environment to provide security for the data getting exchanged in sensor devices. Many researchers have been investigating this field. By adopting several performance enhancement techniques, Energy Efficient Light Weight Encryption (EELWE) algorithm is presented in this paper. Proposed EELWE consumes less energy relative to present lightweight ciphers and it supports multiple block sizes suitable for resource-constrained environments. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on different parameters.

Author(s): Radhika Rani Chintala, Narasinga Rao M R, Somu Venkateswarlu

THE CHINESE-KOREAN TRANSLATION OF DIAMOND SUTRA THROUGH PRAGMATIC APPROACH

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.7

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Abstract: Translation method of Buddhist scriptures has not been changed for a long time and has made use of transcription and literal translation until now. But these translations have overlooked pragmatic elements in the text of the Diamond SÅ«tra, which is composed of a conversational structure between Buddha and his disciple SubhÅ«ti. The purpose of this research is to examine the Chinese-Korean translation of the Diamond SÅ«tra through pragmatic approach. The sample of the research focuses on the Chinese-Korean translation of the Diamond SÅ«tra. A literature review and a descriptive approach are applied to analyze the sample. The research scope is limited to the following four categories: speech acts, presupposition, implicature, and relevance. The findings indicate that speech acts have shown the translation to reveal obvious performance meanings to the target text, presupposition in communication has been conveyed by paraphrasing or substituting abstruse terms with simple expressions, implicature has made it possible to understand the embedded meanings of Buddhaâ€™s words by substitution, and relevance has resulted in increasing readability owing to interpretative resemblance. By exploring the translation with these elements, we suggest that the pragmatic approach needs to be applied in translating Buddhist scripture like the Diamond SÅ«tra and can function as a useful device in transferring messages.

Author(s): Yoon-Cheol Park

INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY FOR COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN AFRICA

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.19

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Abstract: Educational psychology has had various modes of definitions that have been used by educational psychologists such as: scientific study of human behaviour as applied in the field of teaching and learning, wherever such activity occurs, with particular focus on what occurs in learning wherever such activity occurs with particular focus on what occurs in learning institutions such as early childhood, primary, secondary, tertiary and university education Educational psychology has a focus on certain important areas of psychology comprising thinking, learning, human development, motivation, assessment of human characteristics and others. Alexander argues that educational psychology attempts at psychology and education can be integrated in such manner that it will enhance comprehension of all students. Therefore it can be justifiably argued that for teachers to understand their studentsâ€™ behaviour is essential for effective and successful teaching and learning.

Author(s): Tuntufye S. Mwamwenda

PREFACE TO THE 4TH EDITION EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: AN AFRICAN UPDATE PERSPECTIVE

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.20

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Abstract: With your permission, allow me to cite what an independent reviewer of Educational Psychology had to express: An African Perspective 3rd Edition expressed about it: Educational Psychology: An African Perspective is a completely revised and updated edition of this popular title, incorporating recent developments in educational psychology. This book offers students an understanding of fundamental principles of psychology, educational psychology and its application to teaching, learning, human development and growth including cognitive development; theories of learning, memory, theories of Westerners and Africans personality development Such apt description has stood the test of time and serves as a true reflection of its successor, namely, Educational Psychology: An African Update Perspective 4th Edition! In fact, what I have expressed is by far an underestimate of the 4th Edition! This Edition supercedes the 3rd Edition in more ways than one. As author I leave it for you as reader to discover for yourself and many others.

Author(s): Tuntufye S. Mwamwenda

DOES CURIOSITY-EXPLORATION ENHANCE MOTIVATION TO ACHIEVE? ENLIGHTENED INFLUENCE THROUGH MINDFULNESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.3

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Abstract: Curiosity-exploration is under emphasized in students learning but it a significant marker of students\' success as it plays an important role in motivation to achieve in all aspects of adult student\'s life. Numerous researches highlighted the significance of mindfulness in achievement motivation of the students. The purpose of the present study, therefore, is to investigate the relationship between curiosity-exploration, mindfulness and achievement motivation in adult students. Sample (N=202) was taken from three higher education institutions of Multan. The age range of the sample was from 18 to 22 years (Mage= 20.23; SD= 2.43). \r\nThree instruments: The Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II; Kashdan et al., 2009), The Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS: Brown, & Ryan, 2003) and short version of Achievement Motivation Inventory (AMI; Schuler et al. 2004) were used to collect the data. The result showed that there was positive correlation between curiosity-exploration, mindfulness and achievement motivation among adult students. Results also showed that mindfulness was fully mediating the relationship between curiosity-exploration and achievement motivation in undergraduate students reflecting the enlightening influence of mindfulness in studentsï¿½ motivation to achieve. Findings of the study further suggested that in future mindfulness training to be included as a syllabus to enhance motivation to achieve in students especially at undergraduate level where they have to enter into the professional and practical life and fulfill the future responsibilities laid on them. \r\nKey Words: curiosity-exploration, mindfulness, achievement motivation, adult students

Author(s): Rizwana Amin, Anila Sadaf, Nadia Shafique, Khizra Iqbal, Hina Fazal, Sajida Parveenr

MAPPING THE TERRAIN AND LAND USE TYPES IN IDEMILI SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE, SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.9

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Abstract: This paper examined the terrain and Land Use types in Idemili south L. G. A. of Anambra State South eastern Nigeria. The research used both primary and secondary data. Primary data include measurements, direct field observations; key informant interviews to know peopleâ€™s perception about land use. Extraction of soil samples to test for the engineering properties of the soil and to determine their attributes and relationship with land use were carried out. Secondary data were Satellite imageries of the area obtained and analyzed using GIS to show the variations in the terrain of the study area. The Principle Component Analysis carried out on the soil samples, identified the major components of the soil parameters which are fine sand, silt and clay, which were further analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression to determine the influence of each variable on the others. Fine sand (X1), silt (X2) and clay (X3) are soil particle sizes which are dependent variables for testing of California Bearing Ration (Y) which is an independent variable. Maximum Dry Density(Y) an independent variable were tested for the contributions of the dependent variables like Plastic index (X1), Natural Moisture Content (X2) Shrinkage limit (X3), Fine Sand (X4) and Silt (X5). The result of the analysis for California Bearing Ration was used to test the hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference between the attributes of the terrain and land use in the study area and the hypothesis was accepted. Thus, the study indicates that land use types is a function of terrain attributes.

Author(s): Romanus Udegbunam Ayadiuno, Arinze Tagbo Mozie, Chukwuka Dominic Ndulue

SEM AND FTIR STUDY OF EDTA EFFECT ON XANTHATE KEX\r\nADSORPTION ON COPPER ACTIVATED PYRITE

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.10

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Abstract: Flotation is an operation of mineral processing, in which we use xanthate as a collector that adsorbs on the mineral surface. The adsorption is affected by the presence of some species like oxides and hydroxides on the mineral surface. As a solution for this problem we suggested studying the effect of EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetic), which is powerful in dissolving those species. The EDTA concentration was 10-1 M and Potassium Ethyl Xanthate was with different concentrations (10-1 M, 10-2 M), the pyrite (FeS2) sample was activated with copper (CuSO4) (10-3 M) in pH value of 5,5.FTIR technique and SEM were used for characterization. It was found that the EDTA favours xanthate adsorption on the mineral surface, by removing oxides and hydroxides that have been formed. This may allowes to reach the same results with lower xanthate concentration.

Author(s): Salmi lazhar, Nedjar zohir

PSYCHOSOCIAL AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS THAT AFFECT DELAYS IN SEEKING TREATMENT FOR CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN SANLIURFA

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.4

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Abstract: Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) starts as localized erythematous lesions after the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, and if left untreated, proceeds to evolve into papules, nodules and ulcers. Those who apply late to the health center both have an increased risk of scarring and these patients serve as a reservoirs of infection. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that lead patients to delay seeking treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. \\\\r\\\\nMethodology/Principal Findings: This cross-sectional study includes adult CL patients treated in ?anl?urfa, Turkey. 235 people participated in the study (participation rate: 96.3%). Data were collected using a two-part patient information form, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). 51.5% of the participants were female and the mean age was 36.8ï¿½0.9 years. 18.7 and 14.9% of all subjects had abnormal HADS anxiety and depression scores, respectively. DLQI scores showed that CL lesions had a very large effect on 15.0% and an extremely large effect on 4.3% of all patients. The average delay in seeking medical treatment after first noticing a CL lesion was 3.6ï¿½0.2 months. Delays were more common in the lower class and unemployed patients (3.8 fold higher), and among patients with no facial lesions (4.0 fold higher). \\\\r\\\\nConclusions/Significance: It is important to reduce delays in seeking treatment for early intervention, which requires public education to improve awareness and screening high-risk populations for CL.\\\\r\\\\nKeywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, seeking medical care, psychosocial factors.

Author(s): Burcu BEYAZGUL, Ibrahim KORUK, Sule ALLAHVERDI, Rustem KUZAN

STUDIES OF SEM, EDS, XRD, UV-Vis, PCTA (2 DYES -8TIMININGUV) IN TZZ: TiO2/ ZnO WITH (1:2) RATIO

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.12

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Abstract: Carbon spheres as template with hydrothermal method we prepared TiO2,ZnO, and TiO2/ ZnO composite hollow spheres of 1:2. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS and UV-Vis. Photo degradation activity of composite hollow spheres is studied for two dyes Methylene Blue(MB), and RhodamineB(RhB)at different time intervals (0-270min) under UV Lamp(54 watts).The results are systematically analysed and reported at the end ,the degradation efficiency of TiO2/ ZnO (1;2) hollow spheres is about 90% within 270 min.

Author(s): N.P.S. ACHARYULU, SK. FAKRUDDIN BABAVALI, CH. SRINIVASU

AN ANALYSIS OF USE OF SELF-REGULATED STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING COMPETENCE AT TERTIARY LEVEL

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.1

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Abstract: This longitudinal study evaluates the impact of self-regulated learning strategiesï¿½ intervention on the Pakistani undergraduate studentsï¿½ writing competence. Self-regulated learning lesson of writing comprised of five strategies was taught to the participants for six months. A Writing Strategy for Self regulated Learning Questionnaire (WSSRLQ) by Teng & Zhang (2016) was administered to measure the participantsï¿½ choice of strategies at pre and post intervention stages. Later the Statistical analysis was performed to facilitate the experimental outcome. The results showed that intervention had a potent effect on the writing performance and strategies use of the participants. It is concluded that explicit self-regulated strategies intervention can be a source of incorporation of self regulated strategies that might result into high academic performance of the students. On the basis of the findings it is suggested that instructors should be properly trained so that they ensure that studentsï¿½ get enough practice of self-regulated strategies in writing skills.

Author(s): Fouzia Rehman Khan, Samreen Zaheer, Wasima Shehzad

PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN AND AUSTRALIA

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.6

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Abstract: The currents study was aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students of students in Pakistan and Australia. The main objectives of the study was to measure the prevalence of depression, and to compare the mean difference of depression among students in Pakistan and Australia. Current study was a descriptive study in nature. Population of the study was comprised of the universities students. Study was delimited to the universities with general discipline. Study sample was consisted of 374 (Pakistan=292, Australia=82) students. In Pakistan, data was collected by administering paper copy surveys. Whereas, data from Australia was collected thorough online survey. A self-developed depression scale was used for data collection. After data collection, data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students is 43%. Whereas, 12% of total sample was found highly depressive. A statistically significant difference has been explored in the score of depression among Pakistani and Australian students. Country wise analysis exposed that majority of Australian students (61%) were highly depressed as compared to Pakistani students (38%). Whereas, female students were more depressive than male students in both countries. Looking at the current situation, it was recommended that it is the right time to take action by raising awareness about mental illness among university students, destigmatizing the psychological ailments at university level and encouraging the affected students to seek help before it turn to serious disorder.

Author(s): Shumaila Khurshid, Qaisara Parveen, M. Imran Yousuf, Saima Mustafa

VIEW OF HEALTHCARE USERS ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTING; THE CASE OF KWAZULU-NATAL

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.11

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Abstract: Under reporting of adverse drug reaction through spontaneous reporting system has been documented to be worse in Africa as the total number of reports submitted from 1992-2015 was less than 1% (0.88%) of the global total in VigiBase. Direct reporting by healthcare users has been established especially in developed countries to improve prompt signal detection and rate of reporting. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude, motivation, barriers, and preferred method of direct reporting of adverse drug reactions by health care users in KwaZulu-Natal. A cross-sectional study among consented healthcare users through a researcher administered questionnaire was carried out from five levels of public health care facilities at different wards in eThekwini (municipality A) and King Cetshwayo (municipality C) district of KwaZulu-Natal. A response rate of 94.1% (n=1084) was obtained. Slightly above half of the respondents (603; 55.6%) know adverse drug reactions with minimal awareness of pharmacovigilance programs (286; 26.4%). Participants that are secondary school graduates and above have a significant knowledge than others (p>0.002).Sixteen participants (16; 7.3%) and 4 (1.8%) of the female have had a disability and congenital abnormality at birth, respectively, due to adverse drug reactions. Respondents have a positive attitude (947; 87.4%) significantly at the tertiary institution (243; 96.9%) than those surveyed at other levels. There is overall median score of 2 (interquartile range=1.75) for motivation and 2.6 (interquartile range=2.4) for barriers identified. Participants from municipality A prefer the online (website) option while respondents from municipality C prefer the telephone option of reporting directly to pharmacovigilance authority. Despite the average knowledge and minimal awareness of the reporting system, participants showed a positive attitude towards reporting adverse drug reactions. Healthcare users have a fair positive motivation and neutral position to variables identified as barriers. There is a willingness to report directly to pharmacovigilance authority if given an easy option.

Author(s): Halimat Adedeji-Adenola, Manimbulu Nlooto

THE IMPACT OF THE MATHEMATICS CENTRE AT A UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.15

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Abstract: Since 2012, the Mathematics Centre (MC) at a University of Technology (UoT) in South Africa continues to strive towards improving success rate for all three major mathematics subjects (maths1, maths2 and maths 3) taken as requirements for a typical engineering or science diploma / degree at the institution. The challenges are many and the bearings on studentsâ€™ performance blurry. The impact of the MC services on studentsâ€™ performance was investigated. The focus was placed on students attending the MC for one-on-one consultations, small group consultations and tutorial classes. A retrospective analysis of archival attendance data of students to the MC during the first academic semester of 2016 was undertaken. Students using the MC performed better than those who did not. The number of visits to the MC did not clearly influence studentsâ€™ performance. Suggestions on improvement were made. This work reiterates the need to have the MC permanently established.\r\n\r\n

Author(s): Jeremiah Madzimure

AGRICULTURE POLICY: CHALLENGES, EXPROPRIATION AND IMPLICATION FOR AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN SOUTH AFRICA

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.16

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Abstract: The existing agriculture policy approach such as land restitution, redistribution and tenure reform remain indefinite in South Africa. Therefore, there is a distinct gap in knowledge and awareness in the plan implementation process of government agricultural policies and programmes. The objective of this study was to document the experiences, challenges, and implication for agricultural extension. For the purpose of this paper, a qualitative method involving the review of government commissioned reports, working papers, key debates on agriculture policy, online sources, books, peer reviewed journals, etc. were properly reviewed. It can be argued that the main challenge of agriculture policy in South Africa is the arduous task of creating stakeholder consensus around the agriculture policy implementation. A workable policy monitoring system and coordination remained unresolved. Furthermore, modification is needed to ensure that agriculture policy reform gives rise to the advent of sustainable agriculture. Reflecting on the study, it was recommended that a harmonized policy position for agriculture must be in place. The identification of realistic and right objectives, and cautious sequencing of actions are also required.

Author(s): Agholor A. Isaac, Lubisi Philander Bongiwe

INVESTIGATING FACILITATION AND TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.5

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Abstract: The learning process has moved from submissive learning to dynamic learning. The problem of this study is to determine the effectiveness of facilitation in contrast to old traditional teaching methods. The main aim of this study is to compare and contrast the effective teaching method between facilitation and traditional teaching methods in higher education. This study adopts the qualitative, interpretive approach. Four themes emerged from the study. The main finding of the study reveals that facilitation is viewed as the best form of teaching and learning in the current setting. Limitations, implications and future research were suggested in the study.

Author(s): Jeremiah Madzimure

ELIMINATION OF THE METHYL ORANGE DYE TREATED\r\nACTIVATED CARBON A BSED ON APRICOT NUTS

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.13

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Abstract: The growing demand for adsorbents used in environmental protection processes has made their cost more and more expensive which prompted additional research for the manufacture of new less expensive adsorbent materials from materials which are not conventional. In this work we have prepared carbon-rich materials from natural residue that have been chemically activated by agent sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Activated carbon is used as an adsorbent for the purification of water charged with cationic dye (methyl orange). The adsorbents were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IRTF) and micro-hardness measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physico-chemical properties that have been achieved (activation rate 18.64 (Ùª), ash rate 2.8 (Ùª), pyrolysis yield 45.43 (Ùª).the adsorption of methyl orange dye is maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon 7.7160 mg / g and the equilibrium time 120 min.

Author(s): REHALI HANANE, DIAFI MALIKA, AZRI NAIMA

DIDACTICAL DESIGN FOR TEACHERSâ€™ REFLECTIVE PRACTICE\r\nIN DEALING WITH STUDENTSâ€™ LEARNING DIFFICULTIES:\r\nA STUDY BASED ON DIDACTICAL DESIGN RESEARCH\r\nFRAMEWORK

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.2

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Abstract: Reflective practice belongs to one of procedures in teacher professional development. There are three stages in reflective practice covering reflection for action, reflection in action, and reflection off action. This article aims at describing didactical design development as a form of teacher reflective practice to deal with studentsâ€™ difficulties in proving Pythagorean theorem. This article limits its investigation on one of reflective practice stages namely reflection for action. This research applies methodological framework of didactical design research (DDR) developed by Suryadi. Data were collected in two phases. The first phase was performing competency test towards 25 students who had learned Pythagorean theorem through written test and interview. The second phase was observing a mathematics teacher in planning a didactical design. The result of studentsâ€™ competency test was analyzed to obtain a description on studentsâ€™ difficulties and the possibly corresponding cause. Meanwhile, the result of observation towards the teacher was analyzed to obtain a description on the process and product of didactic design developed by the teacher. Research findings reveal that studentsâ€™ complexities in proving Pythagorean theorem were due to didactical and epistemological obstacle. Didactical design development serves as an effort to deal with studentsâ€™ learning obstacle. Reflection for action is performed by teachers through didactical design planning based on studentsâ€™ learning obstacle and studentsâ€™ learning trajectory. Didactical design plan is developed in the form of prediction on studentsâ€™ response and prediction on anticipation or teachersâ€™ follow up. The outcome of teacherâ€™s didactical design formulation consists of 9 didactical situation series. Situation design 1, 2, 3, and 4 are formulated to overcome studentsâ€™ difficulties caused by epistemological obstacle while situation design 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are devised to deal with studentsâ€™ difficulties caused by didactical obstacle. Furthermore, didactical design developed by the teacher is formulated based on studentsâ€™ learning trajectory.

Author(s): Rudi, Didi Suryadi, Rizky Rosjanuardi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: AN AFRICAN UPDATE PERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION

Volume 76, Sep 2020
doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.9.18

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Abstract: This is a rather long Acknowledgements list, which goes into detail justifying their presence. One of them is Dr Cyril Ramaphosa the newly elected President of South Africa. It is rather unusual, coming across University textbooks talking about a Head of State. President Ramaphosa in this acknowledgement emerges as a researcher who had an encounter with me, as an academic and researcher. This is rather a unique experience that scholars and academics would welcome in University books. I am personally happy that am placed in such opportunity of sharing such unique experience. Most of those who are acknowledged, participated in my encounter with the President. Moreover, as such, their participation deserves to be acknowledged correspondingly. You are all welcome to witness such special occasion.

Author(s): Tuntufye S. Mwamwenda