Abstract: Abstract: The IsiZulu morphemes e-/o- … -ini are known as locative prefixes and suffixes, and have generated interest among researchers and African linguistics scholars. This article attempts to show that not all isiZulu words that use the morphemes e-/o- … -ini are locatives, as some isiZulu teachers mistakenly do. It concludes by indicating that these morphemes, although they are generally called locative morphemes, that is, locative prefixes and suffixes, can also be used as prepositions, especially when used with infinitives and abstract nouns. Many contributions, on the morphemes e- or o- … -ini, from early Bantu languages scholars have ranged from their origin to their function in the construction of locatives. That could be why they are known as locative formatives. The researcher has used document analysis with respect to the morphological and phonological processes of the construction of locatives in isiZulu. The article gives a brief background to the contributions made by early African languages scholars. The morphemes e-/o- … -ini are discussed and analysed with a view to greater understanding of these morphemes. The concluding remarks will be given towards the end of the article.

Abstract: Cellulases are group of enzymes that hydrolyse celluloses, they stimulate a great interest due to their large industrial and biotechnological applications. Forty fungal strains isolated from Algerian soil rich in organic matter were screened for cellulolytic activity by agar plate method. After screening the BbV1 isolate showed high and most interesting cellulose production, based on the morphological and molecular identification, the BbV1 isolate was identified as Sarocladium kiliense species. The optimization of endoglucanase production by Sarocladium kiliense strain BbV1 from a wheat straw as a solid-state fermentation (SSF) substrate, was performed using both one factor at a time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The results of the preliminary study by OFAT revealed that the incubation time, moisture, temperature, and inoculum size have significantly influenced the endoglucanase production, the optimum of these parameters are respectively: 8 days, 90%, 26 °C and 105 spores/g with a maximum activity value of 12,13 U/gds. The Box Benckhen design was used to improve the endoglucanase production by studying the interaction effect between the selected parameters. The analysis of variance was carried out and endoglucanase production was explained with a mathematical equation as a function of the four variables (incubation time, moisture, temperature, and inoculum size) with three levels (-1, 0, +1). The optimal endoglucanase activity of 15,03 U/gds was achieved under the following conditions: 10 days of fermentation time, a moisture of 60%, incubation temperature of 24 °C and inoculum size of 1.9 x 105 spores/g. RSM has proven to be an effective method to obtain optimal parameters for enzyme production.