The article analyzes comparative sociology as an important area of modern sociology. The aim of this work is to systematize the theoretical approaches to understanding the comparative sociological research, and also to identify and characterize the subject field, the basic principles and methodology of comparative studies. As a result comparative sociology is not identical to the comparative method and has its own distinctive features. A number of specific principles of comparative sociology indicate that it has become an independent branch of sociological knowledge. Basic methodological principles of comparative research are the principle of equivalence of object (data needs to be cross-societal), reliable determination of criteria that will highlight the similarities and differences between the studied objects, multilevel analysis, and the principle of cultural relativism (the rejection of adoption as a sample for the comparison of developed western societies).

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