The School Quality Measurement System (SIMCE) has statistically demonstrated that education delivered in our schools entails wide degrees of unequity related with their dependence, in other words whether they are Privates (with any contribution from the state), subsidized (with contributions from the State directly to a private owner) or Municipal (with contributions from the State directly to the Municipalities which administrate one or a group of schools considered from the state). Based on this reality, the main purpose of this research is to carry out a comparative study, in relation to students performance in the SIMCE test, by fourth graders of primary school in the area of San Antonio Municipality belonging to the Region of Valparaíso, in the central zone of Chile. This analysis has been performed considering the period 2002-2008, using 28 schools as a sample for further analysis. It will also try to correlate the obtained information from urban or rural area which paradoxically showed in a preliminary observation that these rural areas in conditions of poverty had the best academic performance. Finally this research is oriented to the analysis of the causes, it means the combination of inputs or process characteristics that make possible this achievement inversely of the low achievement in urban schools. From a methodological point of view the statistical tool SPSS was used in the development of this piece of work. This tool, as any program which perform statistical analysis, involves collecting the data in a file to be prossesed according the characteristics of the computing program. It analyzed series of data, giving as a result descriptive statistics of the scores obtained year by year. The researcher’s task in this case was fundamentally interpreting frequencies and statistics of central tendency. Data corresponding to a period of years of SIMCE performed in the San Antonio area were collected from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Chile online database published for international academic and research community purposes.

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