One of the key issues in todays world has become the problem of what it means to be human. The absence of a clear understanding of this complex question causes different problems, including a humanitarian catastrophe due to the emergence of extremist religious organizations that promote the dehumanised ideology. They �counterfeit� the Islamic understanding of who can be considered human and thus worthy to live. This has become a serious threat to Islam itself and needs to be combated with concepts founded in the religion itself. One of them is the idea of khal?fah that designates Islamic anthropology and defines the human being through a range of dimensions, such as meaningful life, emotional stability, freedom, power balance and equality. These can help to construct a new concept of human being, which is in high demand. Though the idea of khal?fah is not well developed in Muslim theology, the current paper proves its compatibility with modernity and, with the further elaboration, can become a significant input of Islamic conceptual theorizing efforts to the welfare of human beings.

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