The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and non-temporomandibular disorder (NTMD) groups and identify psychological and oral dysfunction factors influencing the symptoms of TMD. This study is a secondary analysis of data from a national survey. A total of 5,666 participants aged 20 and above were recruited to obtain the data in 2012, based on the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3, 2012). Data were analyzed using frequencies, χ2 tests, and logistic regression with SPSS 18.0. In this study, individuals who had experienced TMD symptoms accounted for 22.3% of the total number of participants. Factors influencing TMD symptoms were age, depressive symptoms, mastication difficulty, and speech difficulty caused by oral problems. Participants in their 20s were 5.94 times more likely to be included in the TMD symptom group than those in their 60s. Those who had depressive symptoms were 1.54 times more likely to be included in the TMD symptom group than those who did not experience depressive symptoms. Participants who had difficulty while speaking and chewing caused by oral problems were 2.13 times and 1.42 more likely to be included in the TMD symptom group, respectively. To prevent and manage TMD symptoms, age, depressive symptoms, and mastication and speech difficulties caused by oral problems should be considered. There is a need to develop a TMD prevention program for early-stage adults who experience depressive symptoms and oral problems

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