Conventional cytogenetics (CC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are widely used for detection of chromosomal abnormalities implicated in malignant hematological diseases. The detected abnormalities represent independent predictors of disease progression and survival. We report here the experience of our laboratory in this area. 298 cases of acute lymphobastic leukemia (ALL), 70 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 224 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are studied by conventional and molecular cytogenetics. Although the well-described cytogenetic abnormalities associated with particular FAB subtypes in the West were observed, important local differences were noted. In ALL, the majority of reported recurent abnormalities are found with lower incidence to that reported in Europe and in America. In MDS, we found that the majority of chromosomal abnormalities are less frequent than in the other populations, whereas, rare or new abnormalities are found in our series, in particular: i(14)(q10), t(6;14) (q23;q32), monosomy 19, and a ring of the chromosome 12. In MM, the study using locus specific probes of Rb gene located in 13q14, IGH gene in 14q32 and P53 gene in 17p13, shows a high implication of these genes in the development of MM.

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