rapid and sensitive detection methods. Our aims are to develop robust and simple sequential injection analysis (SI) methods for the essay of pharmaceutical samples and to investigate various luminescence detection modes in combination with SIA system. The approaches compared will be spectrophotomety, micellar enhanced fluorescence, and lanthanide enhanced luminescence and chemiluminescence (CL). Method: The development of analytical protocols for monitoring of various drugs is presented. The chemical system is developed based on the structural properties of the given drug. When compounds lack efficient chromophores the use of a metal ion or organic derivatizing agents that can form highly absorbing or fluorescent products is necessary. On the other hand lanthanides such as Eu(III), and Tb(III) are used to sensitize the luminescence of drug samples offering excellent analytical characteristics. CL is also emerging as an efficient tool when coupled to flow techniques. Ru(III) complexes were used to develop simple and robust assay for group of common drugs such as chlorpheniramine (CPA) and ephedrine(EP) and some fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Several types of SI designs were employed. The development of the analytical system thereafter hinges on the selection of the most suitable environmental factors that result in an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore a systematic optimization protocol must be used for this purpose. Then the methods developed are validated and compared to standard and official methods. Results: using spectrophotometric techniques penicillamine (PA) was complexed with Fe(II) ions in acidic media forming blue complex that absorbs strongly at 600 nm. A linear dynamic range for the determination of PA of 25-300 ppm was obtained with sampling frequency of 50 h -1. PA and ephedrine were determined using tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) as a CL reagent and potassium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant in the presence of light.. Derivatization of PA and EP with aldehydes produced a significant enhancement of the CL emission, leading to detection limits (LOD) of 0.1ppm for PA and 0.03 ppm for EP. Optimum conditions for the determination of BRZ in pharmaceutical formulation were 0.6 % tergitol surfactant in the presence of 0.1 M lactose. Piroxicam (PX) and ibuprofen (IB) were assayed using lanthanide sensitized luminescence. Eu(III) when complexed to PX resulted in a huge enhancement in the emission of the EU(III) bands.. which allow the determination of 100?1000 ppb of PX with LOD of 29 ppb. Recoveries of PX in pharmaceutical formulations and in urine samples were 100.87?1.7% and 97.57?2.0%. IB was determined after complexation with Tb (III) ions giving a detection limit of 1.0 ? 10?7 mol/L. Fluoroquoinolone antibiotics eg levefloxacin ( LV), were determined using Ce(IV) ions as oxidant and tris(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(III) as the CL reagent giving characteristic orange emission with LOD of 0.02 ppm. Conclusions: SIA is a powerful tool when coupled to sensitive luminescence methods for the determination of drugs in the pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluid. This combination results in an increased sampling frequency and an enhanced sensitivity. The use of micelles has lead to an increase in the solubilisation of BRZ and an improvement in the sensitivity of the method. Lanthanide sensitized luminescence lead to a sensitize detection of the drugs with emission in the longer wavelength of the lanthanide ion that achieve a better selectivity of the methods. Future work include the development of methodology for the determination of drugs in various environmental samples such as round water and sewage, in order to cope with the increase problem of pollution brought about by the continuous charging of drugs into the environment. All

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