Aquatic ecosystems play an important role on the ecology of arid areas. Their study is necessary for any preservation project. The purpose of this paper is the ecological characterization of seven aquatic ecosystems in south east of Algeria by the determination of physical and chemical parameters of soil and water in addition flora in these environments. The results of water analysis show that studied sites are characterized by an alkaline pH and high salinity (around 213.3 dS/m), they are charged by soluble salts especially chlorides, sulfates and sodium. Studied ecosystems suffer from pollution which is the result of throwing polluted water and rubbish. Soils are wet; contain important percentage of fine sand, their pH is between 6.39 and 8.67. Salinity is very high, it exceeds 57 dS / m. soils are relatively rich in organic matter and gypsum. A systematic sampling of the flora has revealed 11 species belonging to 5 families. The most common plant life forms were Chamaephytes (45%) composed especially with Chenopodiaceae. Keywords: aquatic ecosystems, ecology, Northern Sahara, water, soil, vegetation.

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