The article deals with the historical research of the purposeful use of physical education and sports for the training of preinduction-aged youth and the people masses with the purpose of homeland defense. The research and analysis of archive materials concerning the pre-conscription, mass sporting and applied military training of population in 1922 – 1940 has been presented. The role of government and social institutions and health care facilities in providing paramilitary sports training of preinduction-aged and conscription-aged youth, as well as the popularity of physical culture among the population has been shown. An important role in this process was played by applied military training, which allowed the citizens of various age categories studying military fundamentals and physical education. At present the objective of training the physically fit young generation for fulfilling their duty of the homeland defense. The role of Russian national physical culture and sports complex «Ready for Labor and Defense» in forming the patriotic consciousness, physical fitness, traditional cultural values, which are the basis of bringing up an athletic and healthy nation, has been considered. The experience of introducing the «Ready for Labor and Defense» complex in an educational institution with account of local specifics (through an example of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G.Shukhov) has been presented. The significance of the carried-out historical research in the context of taking into account the efficient traditions of pre-conscription training of young people and the mass recreational and sports movement at developing innovative technologies has been shown. From this point of view the maximum involvement of broad layers of population into the active physical training and sports is an important factor of keeping and strengthening the physical and spiritual potential of the nation.

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