The national and linguistic composition of the population of the Kalmyk steppe is characterized in the late 19th century, the scientifically grounded analysis of the demographic situation of that period is given, and the functional role of languages in society is determined. Special attention is paid to the issues of the correlation of ethnic groups and their languages. The language is spoken by language, which is a means of everyday communication of persons of different nationalities living on a common territory. The language of literacy is a criterion used in the practice of literate people; this is the language in which the interviewee was educated. There is a linguistic classification of language families and groups, based on the sign of linguistic kinship.\nThe Kalmyk language in sociolinguistic terms occupies a special place among the languages of the peoples of Russia: the Kalmyks have become part of the Russian state, already having their own written language and their own literary language.\nData on the language composition we obtained from the materials of the population censuses, including questions about the language, as well as from the materials of the current population registration, special surveys, etc.\nA detailed analysis of the published indicators of the materials of the First General Population Census of Russia in 1897 allows us to conclude that they represent information-content source value and scientific significance not only for history, including the demographic, Astrakhan province of the late XIX century, but and, in particular, on the history of the Kalmyk steppe. Over the past century, none of the researchers have analyzed the materials of the census in a source-study relationship.

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