Most of the UN sustainable development goals closely intertwined with migration and mobility. In the chapter, we have explored how and to what extent labour migration from and to the Central Asian countries affects on socio-economic aspects of the sustainable development of the region and countries. Due to the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015 and culturally and historically connection, there is a high inflow of Central Asian labour migrants to Russia and Kazakhstan. Despite the economic crisis, labour migration to Russia remains an important source of income for most of the Central Asian countries. It can be explained by declining production, low wages, high unemployment, and poverty in most of the countries of Central Asia. However, labour migration can positively result on these push economic factors through reduction of the unemployment in the home countries, generally resulting in a strong effect of “social welfare assistance”, and through remittances increasing the purchasing power of the population which can help to overcome such issues as hunger and poverty.

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