According to Piaget, formal operations means one’s ability to perform mental operations with abstract, intangible concepts such as justice or poverty or mankind and be in a position to provide a satisfactory explanation. The focus of this investigation was to assess gender differences in formal operations reasoning ability among secondary school students in Nairobi, Kenya. The sample comprised 165 boys and girls selected from two secondary schools in the City of Nairobi, Kenya, who were administered a questionnaire on formal operations reasoning. The results showed that in propositional reasoning, there was statistically significant gender difference with boys outperforming girls. In proportional reasoning, no statistically significant gender difference was observed. The results confirmed what other researchers have reported regarding gender differences in formal operations reasoning among secondary school students in various parts of the world.

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