Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically administred boric acid (BA) on lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis, histopathological changes and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 48 Wistar rats were divided into six experimental groups: 1) Control (C, n=8) 2) Lipopolysaccharide only group (LPS, n=8) 3) Streptozotocin only group (STZ, n=8) 4) STZ+LPS group (n=8) 5) STZ+LPS+20 mg/kg/day BA group (BA20, n=8) 6) STZ+LPS+30 mg/kg/day BAgroup (BA30, n=8). Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single injection of 55 mg/kg STZ. Experimental periodontitis was established by applied Escherichia coli (E. Coli) LPS injection into the palatal gingiva between the right maxillary first and second molars for 3 times every 48 hours. BA was given for 10 days. Animals were sacrificed on the 20th day. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by morphometric analysis. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated immunohistochemically and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were evaluated by biochemical analysis. Results: The highest alveolar bone loss value was observed in the STZ+LPS group. BA groups showed significantly lower bone loss compared to STZ, and STZ+LPS groups (p<0,05). The inflammatory cell counts were found out to be significantly reduced in both BA groups, in comparison to the LPS, STZ, STZ+LPS groups (p<0,05). The osteoblast counts were found out to be significantly increased in both BA groups in comparison to LPS group (p<0,05). And it was found significantly higher in BA30 group compared to STZ group (p<0,05). The osteoclast counts of both BA groups were found out to be significantly decreased compared to STZ and STZ+LPS groups (p<0,05). IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were found out to be decreased in both BA groups compared to LPS and STZ+LPS groups (p<0,05). MDA levels in BA30 group were lower compared to the STZ+LPS group. SOD and GSH levels in BA30 group were significantly higher in comparison to the C, LPS, and STZ groups (p<0.05). At the same time, GSH levels in BA30group were significantly higher in comparison to the BA20 group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Systemically administred BA reduced the STZ- and LPS -induced periodontal inflammation and the MDA level; and increased the SOD and GSH levels in diabetic rats.

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