The research was aimed at evaluating physical activity of students, who live in the city and rural areas, identifying the relationship between physical activity and school performance, as well as studying the dependence of the number of diseases on the volume of locomotion. To this end, in the Belgorod Oblast, 1,488 schoolchildren of 5-11 grades were surveyed from 2014 to 2017. The schoolchildren were divided into the following three groups: The 1st group included the schoolchildren assigned to a special education department; the 2nd group included the schoolchildren assigned to the main education department, and the 3rd group involved the schoolchildren regularly engaged in sports. The results of the questionnaire indicated that the children living in rural areas move more than their peers living in the city. The schoolchildren who regularly engage in sports have a higher level of performance (about 45% of respondents get excellent grades), compared to the students in the special and main education departments (approximately 32% get excellent grades). It is noted that approximately 93% of the schoolchildren living in rural areas and 92% of the schoolchildren living in the city referred to the third group of the respondents are ill once or less times a year. For comparison, approximately 40% of the schoolchildren assigned to the main education department are ill more than 1-2 times a year. In the special education department group, approximately 50% of the schoolchildren are ill more than 1-2 times a year.

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