ABSTRACT Physical performance and anthropometry may serve to control athletes competitive readiness. However, is relatively unknown how these variables might be related depending on sex. Therefore, our aim was to establish the relationship and differences between anthropometry and physical performance of male and female college athletes. Participants (112 male and 77 female) from several sports were assessed for height, body mass, and field physical performance test of lower body power, upper body power, agility, and endurance. Male athletes were heavier (i.e., 17 kg) and taller (i.e., 17 cm) than females. Also, male athletes had greater lower body and upper body power, endurance, and agility performance. In males, upper body power was correlated with body mass (0.35; p = 0.016) and height (0.57; p = 0.000), while endurance was negatively correlated with body mass (-0.34; p = 0.009), and agility was negatively correlated with height (-0.27; p = 0.038). In females, upper body power was positively correlated with body mass (0.40; p = 0.000) and height (0.27; p = 0.016). Also, performance in the agility test was negatively correlated with body mass (-0.29; p = 0.026). Therefore, anthropometry and physical performance are related in male and female athletes, although with significant differences according to sex. These differences should be taken into account by anthropometrists and practitioners. Also, independent from a comparative or correlation analysis, a systematic assessment follow up in athletes, with variables such as height and body mass, may help to identify, with low cost, the competitive readiness of athletes.

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