Studies in our laboratory have shown that prolonged ingestion of a high fat high carbohydrate diet (HFHC) results in the development of pre-diabetes that is characterized by moderate hyperglycaemia. However, the effects of moderate hyperglycaemia, as seen in a HFHC-diet induced pre-diabetes rat model on renal function have not fully been characterized. Therefore, we investigated the changes in renal function on a HFHC diet-induced prediabetes rat model through the evaluation of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Animals were randomly assigned to the following diets ad libitum during experimentation: standard rat chow (ND+H2O) and high-fat high-carbohydrate supplemented with fructose (HFHC+Fructose). We measured glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interlukin-6 (IL-6), aldosterone concentration and mean arterial pressure. An increase in HbA1c, triglyceride (TG) and LDL-cholesterol concentration in the HFHC+Fructose diet group that occurred in parallel to an increase in MDA concentration and a decrease in SOD and GPx1 concentration was observed. This change was accompanied by an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, aldosterone concentration and mean arterial pressure. Therefore, the presence of high HbA1c, TG and LDL-cholesterol concentration that co-exists with elevated MDA concentration and lower anti-oxidant concentration suggests potential damage in renal tissue due to oxidative stress. High TNF-α and IL-6 concentration increases the risk for inflammation and development of vascular complications as evidenced by the increase in mean arterial pressure and aldosterone concentration. Altogether, chronic ingestion of the HFHC+Fructose diet increase apoptotic markers that induce glycation of proteins, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammatory condition and high blood pressure. Therefore, early management of these markers during prediabetes may prevent the onset of kidney dysfunction and circumvent development of vascular complications.

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