The substantial contributions of the microbes inhabiting the rhizosphere are central to plant growth and crop production. The activities and functions of these microorganisms are vital for adequate nutrient cycling and maintenance of soil health, without which achieving significant crop production and sustainable agriculture are impossible. Understanding the microbial communities in the soil, particularly in the rhizosphere region, and the role they play in crop production can help to maximize their contribution to agricultural sustainability. Herein, the metabolic activities carried out by microbes in the rhizosphere and the importance of the three major microbial domains which resides in this region in acquiring nutrients for plant growth and health are reviewed. Furthermore, the importance and impact of root exudates and the effects of soil properties/nutrients such as soil pH, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium and moisture on the soil microbiome were discussed. This would help to understand how the rhizosphere microbial communities can be optimized for sustainable agriculture.

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